Nature of reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nature of truth - Essay ExampleReality is in its natural form undisputable, primal, and eternal. It has existed in one form and is of promising to change (Adamson, 2002). Perceptions and the senses only give one an appearance, which is subject to change depending on the point of view as well as on differences between people or senses. A blind person has no perception for different colors, but his not being able to see does not make a leaf, for instance, greener or less green. This implies that we cannot depend on the senses to learn the nature of rattlingity.That which exist in a superstar form regardless of the changes in senses, time, physical conditions or appearances are more real than its perceived form. In the case of the air level, therefore, being less dependent on perception and appearances we would say that the idea is more real than the physical airplane. This is because, the physical airplane is nothing to someone who was born blind. He does not see the plane and any explanation would yield nothing. However, the idea behind the airplane is easily understood. In the same line, if exclusively the physical airplane were destroyed, anybody who knew of the idea, even without having seen an airplane lead not have lost anything. The idea will still exist because it is more

Environmental Law Problem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Environmental Law Problem - Research Paper ExampleOn the first question raised by the plaintiffs, whether navigable waters of the United States include only if of course occurring bodies of water, so that man made improvements to rivers are non considered navigable water, this court denies certiorari, in that respectfore the opinion of the ninth circuit court of appeals, rendered on October 11, 2011, stands. Facts of the Case The County of Los Angeles (hereinafter The District) operates a series of MS4s. An explanation of MS4s is as follows. The cities that appoint the County of Los Angeles all operate a series of storm drains which catches the runoff from rainwater. This is distinguishable from a drain which catches gutter water for treatment at a sewage treatment plant. In this case, what is captured is untreated storm water. That said, this untreated stormwater typically also has a variety of pollutants, such as heavy metals, bacteria, and the like. Also, trash also gets w ash into these MS4s. Moreover, the individual MS4s are interconnected. This is because all the municipalities in the Los Angeles County system are able to connect to a centralised system run by the District, which is their flood control and storm-sewer infrastructure. This is comprised of some 2,800 miles of storm drains and some 500 miles of sensory(a) channels. This stormwater is collected and is channeled into various waterways, including the waterways which are the subject of this litigation the Los Angeles River, the Santa Clara River, the San Gabriel River and the Malibu Creek. The river waters, in turn, channel into the Pacific Ocean by way of the Santa Monica Bay, the Los Angeles Harbor and the Long Beach Harbor. Statement of the Case The procedural history for this case is as follows. In December 2001, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board for the region of Los Angeles, issued a NPDES accept to 84 cities, in an effort to regulate stormwater and urban runoff discharges. This permit recognized that there could be extraneous sources for the pollutants in waters, and that these extraneous sources would be sources over which the Permittees had no jurisdiction. Each of the permittees were responsible only for its own discharge. The Permit also had monitoring and reporting programs. On March 3, 2008, the respondents, Natural Resources Defense Council and Santa Monica Baykeeper filed a complaint against the City of Los Angeles and others, on the basis that the water quality standards has exceedances of pollutants, which would constitute a violation of the Permit standards. Part of the Respondents business line was that the District was responsible for pollutant exceedances because the monitoring stations were within the channelized portions of the rivers operated by the District as a part of its flood control system, therefore the District was responsible for any exceedances measured there. This argument was rejected by the District Court, w ho stated that, due to the decision in South Florida Water attention District v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians, 541 U.S. 95, 105 (2004), that a discharge does not result from moving waters from cardinal portion of a body of water to another. The District Court went on to state that, because of the decision rendered in South Florida, a discharge can only be from a point source. Since the District was not discharging pollutants from a point sourc

There are many projects known to the public, which have received Essay

There are many projects known to the public, which have accepted attention by the media because of their sensed failures. Select a well-known project and conduct research into its perceived failures - Essay ExampleThis particular project aimed at the modernisation of the corporations production by designing a connected network between the digital productions on with the media assets to assist staff members when sharing, evolution and using videos and/or audio materials (BBC, 2013). Unfortunately, due to the lack of proper planning and confusion, the project was eventually closed in(p) in the year 2013 even before being completely functional, owing to BBCs worry placards perceived failure (Charette, 2013).Emphasising this particular instance of project failure, this study intends to discuss about the reasons bed the failures of project management by comparing with the various relevant literature studies based on the comparable aspect. Additionally, the study will also reflect about the recommendations on the basis of the effective project management theories. The study will also focus on the implementation of the effective project management for ancestry positive outcomes and reduce the increased rate of project management failures.BBCs DMI project failure depicts managerial confusions along with the improper planning framework as the principle reasons for project breakdown. Accordingly, it has been observed that failure in having a proper understanding of the project, but the execution police squad as well as the manager was other reason accountable for the failure of the DMI project. On further note, the BBCs Chief technology officer, Mr. John Linwood was push aside due to the failure of the DMI project, indicating a major proportion of liability to be held by the management team of the project for the loss company had to bear in consequence. The project, DMI, was developed with a view to reduce the uneconomical use of video tapes by BBC staff, w hich required new in-house tools to be developed. The entire plan concentrated on the formulation of a new in-house tool to support the system,

Statement of Goals, Research Interests, and Experiences Personal

Of Goals, Research Interests, and Experiences - Personal Statement ExampleIn the current environment of advancing technology, GIS plays an important role in the development of nations, which is especially true for the UAE, where expertise in this area is the need of the hour. Pursuing a masters degree in GIS would equip me with the obligatory knowledge and skills to help develop various aspects of the UAE, like building infrastructure, developing crime analysis database to slim down crime etc. Bringing this essential knowledge back to my country would enable us to rising slope and improve our current security systems and the quality of life for citizens in UAE.UMD University is renowned for its value based schoolman programs that offer opportunities of personal and professional growth. The myriad modules of course curricula are essential ingredients that provide students with a virile learning experience. Moreover, the learning platform offered by the university caters to the n eeds and requirements of diverse populace thus facilitating greater appreciation of cross-cultural values and preparing students to meet the challenges of time. As a foreign student from Abu Dhabi, UAE, the invigorating environment and the academic program of the university not only meet my expectations but also represent my ideals. Participating in the UMD GIS professional program would help me realize my dream of improving the GIS Field in my country.I therefore potently believe that the state of the art technology and innovative curricula of the UMD university program would help me meet the changing demands of the times, and leave behind me to make important contributions to my community. It would equip me with excellent academic qualifications and skills that could be judiciously exploited for the advancement of my country.My hobby in studying GIS sparked when I was growing up in Abu Dhabi where I used to admire those who administer construction sites near my home place. It intrigued me how they could go to places that were bare,

Inventory Management at Southern Toro Distributorship Essay

Inventory Management at Southern Toro Distributorship - Essay ExampleFrom the case, two topics can be derived. The first topic takes into account the item problems affecting the distributorship and involves the development of an effective system for managing independent demand farm animal. This focuses on analyzing how the distributorship determines the quantities of irrigation products it orders in keeping up with a demand that shifts erratically. The second topic that arises from the case is the vital aspect that is inventory management as a policy variable. Southern Toro is a distributorship and thus its profitability is heavily reliant on inventory management.In the event that Joe Jr. does assume control of the distributorship, a monetary analysis of the company would bring into being imperative. The exhibit TN-1 provides some of the common financial ratios for the fiscal years from 2007-2009 (Schroeder, Goldstein & Rungtunasatham, 2010). The ratios indicate that the distribu torship has been increasing its net cost steadily over the years however, the return on its invested capital has been low. The distributorships projected emerging financial outlook is to a fault alarming. The exhibit TN-1 reveals that Toro is spiritedly leveraged and a sharp increase occurred in 2009 (Schroeder, Goldstein & Rungtunasatham, 2010). This implies that any future financing will come at increased cost. The distributorships liquidity is also decreasing, which further implies that Toro would become forced to look for additional financing unless other steps become undertaken. The inventory turnover also indicates that the distributorships activity is also decreasing. The exhibit also reveals the distributorships Return on Assets- ROA is not high and has been declining steadily over the years.The ROA can become improved with better management (Jones & George, 2007). However, it may probably neer hit the extreme highs.It is upon Joe Jr. to decide if or not the ROA can be enough to fill his ambitions.

Primary Causes of Problems at Amazon.Com and their Remedies Case Study

Primary Causes of Problems at Amazon.Com and their Remedies - Case Study Example motion 4If Amazon profanes products from other firms and simply ships them to customers, why does it need so many of its own dispersion centersAmazon.com needs many distribution centers of its own because doing so enables it to make product deliveries to customers quickly and also helps the follow to save on be. In addition, the distribution centers were already in operation and therefore just had to be used by Amazon.com in the partnership deals with other companies (Amazon.com).Question 5Will other retailers buy or lease the Web software and function from Amazon Can Amazon make affluent money from selling these servicesOther retailers will buy or lease software services from Amazon.com because the association has immense infrastructure. Although Amazon.com has been making losses for many years due to the high initial costs and intensive promotion activities, it can still make enough money from s elling the services it deals in. This evidence by the fact that the fraternitys financial position has improved somehow since the year 2000 (Post & Anderson, 2006). Customers confidence in the company put it in a position to make profit. Question 6Write a newspaper publisher to management that distinguishs the primary cause of the problems, a detailed plan to act them, and show how the plan solves the problems and describe any other benefits it will provide.Running Head PRIMARY CAUSES OF PROBLEMS AT AMAZON.COMPrimary Causes of Problems at Amazon.Com and their Remedies filch This report evaluates the problems faced by Amazon.com since its inception in 1994 and its current status. A detailed plan to solve the problems is given together with an account of how the... In the year 2000, Amazon.com on overhauled its entire system in rank to give it a more(prenominal) customer-appealing look.The company spent $200 million on new systems such as software from Epiphany, logistics from Manugistics Company and a new database management system (DBMS) from Oracle. Furthermore, the company signed more contracts with companies such as SAS for data withdrawal and appraisal. All these services of course came with additional costs to the company. In spite of the additional costs, the biggest and perhaps most expensive deal was between Amazon.com and Excelon as a variation of business-to business (B2B) integration. In the same year, Amazon.com linked with HP in a deal that would see the company offer information technology services to Amazons customers. Despite, Amazons desire to plump out and dominate the online market, the company was criticized over its activities in 2000. For instance, that year the company conducted a price experiment by quoting different prices on DVDs to different customers. However, customers who logged in to Amazon.com web site at different times ascertained that different prices were being offered at different times. Although Amazon.com later confirmed that it was offering random discounts of between 20 to 40 per cent, this never augured well with some of its customers. Among the customers sentiments were that they were being charged more when they shopped more and that the exercise was awfully sneaky and unscrupulous. Other customers referred to Amazon.com as a shyster.

Important current events comes to international economy Essay

Important current events comes to international economy - Essay ExampleFor font the joined States was experiencing economic recession where the dollar lost repute and this shook the economy as a whole. Life became expensive for the Statesns and businesses were greatly affected. This economic recession also affected the relations between the coupled States and other countries. William & Wayne (345) state that the Europe and the United States are very good partners and so a tilt in either the dollar and the Euro affects both countries. This is mainly because the two currencies are correlated hence a drop in value of either currencies will affect the other.The overall fall in the value of the dollar is also blamed on the policy-making decisions that have been made. Political instability in the United States was mainly caused by the difference in political ideologies between the Democrats and the republicans. Racial discriminations was also to blame for the political unrest that l ed to the overall fall in the dollar. William & Wayne (267) point issue that the large economies are interdependent. For this former countries should be careful and ensure that the economic is stable enough to attract investors. A lot of investors pulled out from the United States and Europe because of the fluctuations in currencies. For instance China decided to invest in Africa to minimize their losings as the African economy was not affected by the fall in the dollar as Africa is a magical economy (William & Wayne, 209).Local Industries were greatly affected by this recession as America and Europe had to borrow to sustain its economy and this put them into debt. William & Wayne (459) outline that the United States mainly deals with agricultural products hence it feeds other counties such as Japan among others. On the other hand, Japan is made up of the manufacturing attention this shows that that one country cannot do without the other. In this case the fall in the dollar grea tly affected the Japanese Yen. It is therefore important for all economies to

Financial Performance and risk management analysis of Domino printing Essay

Financial Performance and risk direction analysis of Domino printing plc 01302 - canvas ExampleWith 2200 employees, Domino printing plc is operating its business operations in more than 120 countries oecumenical (Domino, b). The share of global sales of the company in different regions is illustrated belowIn this report, the competition stack and international business operation will be discussed with the help of analyzing the Domino printing plc financial performance. Furthermore, the risks management related to exchange rate risk and country and political risk will be evaluated.At this time, Domino printing plc has expanded its business worldwide in which the primary segmentation is being make geographically which include three ground regions such as Europe, America, and Asia with the rest of the world. The sales revenue from these prime regions is presented belowIn the region of Europe, Domino printing plc do direct sales in the several(prenominal) countries, rest of the dis tribution is done by the distributors. Europe was a good market for the company in the year 2014. Company managed to generate 12% higher sales in 2014 as compared to 2013 as a result of growth in Germany (Domino, 2014b). However, in the region of America the growth was not satisfactory especially in Central and South America due to the 7% decline in local money and the weak and unstable economic performance in Brazil and Argentina (Domino, 2014b). Asia and the other remaining regions has becomes the ontogeny areas for Domino printing plc. In this region the demand of marking and coding has been increases in 2013 because of the increased cast in the middle class. China and India were the strong market for the company in 2014 because the sale was high in these countries (Domino, 2014b).In the year 2014, companys i-Tech product were launched including A520i continuous ink jet printer and V230i caloric transfer over printer which received a positive response from the customers, more over, company also cadaver the member of FTSE4Good index (Domino, 2014b). However the

Describe an incident or situation that has occured during your student Essay

sop up an incident or situation that has occured during your student practice and discuss a related professional anesthetise - Essay ExampleSo I asked her, in a discreet manner what was wrong. She explained that she was embarrassed so I wheeled her back into her room and fed her in there. If this lady had been asked where she would like to eat, her choice would fork up been to stay in her room and eat where she felt her high-handedness would have been maintained. If I had not of intercommunicate to her she would rather chose not to eat, or other perseverings, having no intentions, will invade her privacy and see her feed. As a nurse, it is vital that a patients dignity is respected at all times. By preserving dignity, a nurse can also preserve the integrity of the patient. In this scenario, it is clear that a infringement in privacy and persons dignity occurred through humiliation, embarrassment, not respecting patients self-reliance regarding preferred feeding, and depersona lization (Watson, 2008, p. 133).Healthcare delivery in the contemporary era focuses on being patient centered, risk managed, quality assured and cost effective (Mallik, 2009, p. 14). Accountability has grown increase importance in delivering quality health care by expanding the responsibility of caring and accountability to a health aggroup instead of individuals.Accountability is defined as being accountable of your actions by explaining and justifying why and what you did. It involves assessment of the scoop out interests for patients, knowledge and judgment in decision-making, and explanation to defend course of action (Walsh, p. 89). Since accountability promotes the best interests of the patients, it is meaty that nurses respect privacy, which is one basic right of human dignity. Privacy is a major factor considered in caring. Among of the privacy concerns of patients are depersonalization and intimate questions, hospital procedures, and treatments (Watson, 2008, p. 133). Pr ivacy was linked to preservation of human dignity and maintenance of integrity and hence is considered as an essential health need

U.S. History Civil War-Present Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

U.S. History Civil War-Present - appointee ExampleU.S. agreed to these terms only if the governments in Eastern Europe would remain as self-directed entities and free from Soviet get a line (Banks, 2000).However, these were not the intentions Soviet Union had as they wanted wide control and domination over these States. These disagreements led to the establishment of conflicts that eventually manifested to the bitter rivalry amongst the Soviets and the United States. two nations tried to prevent what they believed were the expansion plans of each other (Banks, 2000). The Soviet Union had a communist land perspective while the U.S. had policies that viewed the world in a Capitalist perspective. This is in accordance with the first break up given by Otremi Tal. According to the answer given by Otremi Tal, Soviet Union was anti-democratic people whose ashes was based on the absence of freedom. The above statement is true as Soviet Unions were after total domination of European states.President Truman and Eisenhower initiated a programme in the federal government to root break potential communist (Banks, 2000). The statement further supports Burke Claires and Daniela Florins answers. They both schematic the Truman and the Eisenhower doctrines that aimed at abolishing communism. This direct approach used by the United States only further fuelled the rivalry between the two nations.The post-war period during the 1950s was an era of contrast. After the end of the great depression, Americans welcomed a consumer society, embracing traditional values and institutions. The end of World War II encouraged a consumer society. Since many nations got ravaged by the war, people started venturing into businesses to try and get back Americas economy to its feet (Banks, 2000). Big businesses dominated the global scene, number of jobs and wages increased, and people had financial security that they had not experienced in their life. Such

Mental Health Issue Depression and the use of herbacology (counsellors Assignment

psychical Health Issue Depression and the use of herbacology (counsellors role) - Assignment ExampleMedicating an individual for depression can sometimes get in the way of the individual performing normal, everyday duties. Often times, people report that it takes a few weeks at least to get used to their medication, whether herbal or traditional. The counselor must condition the client for this prior to anyowing him or her to take the medication. Preparation should help the patient know what lies ahead (Reynolds, 2001 Edzard, 2004). Therefore, it is classic to prepare the patient for this (Firshein, 1997), and to allow the patient to feel comfortable enough to open up and apologize his or her struggle while going through this problem. Effective listening should help to give the patient the support he or she needs to get through this stage. The counselor, therefore, needs to check in on the statement and lend an open ear during this time periods (Beckham, 1995 Forsell, 2007).Tal king and more importantly, listening are an constitutive(a) part of good communication skills. Paying attention, understanding verbal and non-verbal cues, being sensitive, and giving constructive feedback all form part of effective listening. This in turn helps form healthy interpersonal and social relationships. In our busy lives today, we may realize this, but seldom have the time and patience to allow the focalize to move from our own selves.

Women's Liberation and Sixties Radicalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Womens Liberation and mid-sixties Radicalism - Essay ExampleThe essay Womens Liberation and Sixties Radicalism presents the analysis of the paper Nothing Distant About It Womens liberation and Sixties Radicalism written by Alice Echols which revolves just about the liberation of women in the 1960s and the reasons behind it. It begins with the boycott on the Miss America Pageant and the divers(prenominal) ways used by the female demonstrators to interrupt the on-goings of the orient. It then speaks of the adversity that met these women as they continue to show their aggravated sentiment. Not only are they taunted and jeered at by men but their popularity is also compared to the anti-war case. The last mentioned bit of the essay goes on to talk about the cultivating factors behind the movement. This included the womens taste of hearty and economic freedom. The parvenu labor force shifted the need from labor to services, which could be easily accommodated by the new college-educa ted females. Also, the financial needs of the house had increased with the introduction of technology and one earner could no long-acting fulfill the needs of the entire family. Echols then gives the main reason behind the success of the feminist movement the presence of other oppositional movements. Along with this was the womens ability to incorporate Marxist and other ideologies to better comprehend their own oppression. A brief tussle with NOW (National Organization for Women) over the introduction of personal invigoration into the public sphere separated the feminists from the liberationists of NOW.

My Language Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Language lodge - Essay ExampleSlang language is based on convenience to the nation who are use it and focusses on personalization of communication. This paper describes how I adapt my use of language, its importance and significance to the language.If we are to look at the type of communication that occur in my language community then we find that thither is an interpretation of the formal language ad more simplification for informal usage. This simplification can be excluding to the people who are non part of my language community. For example, if I were at home, I would greet my father courteously by saying Hello, Dad or How are you Dad by that is in formal communication. On the other hand if I was out meeting my friends I would greet them by exclaiming Hey bro, whaddup? or Hows it hangin yo?. This communication if witnessed by my father would seem odd to him and he would not completely find it.My language community involves my peers and because of the internet and cell ph ones we do not always pass along face to face. conference takes place on places like Facebook and also through SMS. In these forms of communicate with my language community there is a vast change in the type of language used. Long words and sentences are not used by y language community because it takes too commodious and we prefer to shorten long sentences or complex words by turning them into acronyms. Because of the informal nature of our language community we do not follow rules regarding proper spelling and punctuation. The more or less important thing for my language community is to communicate is the fastest way and in a manner that is unique to our group. Our language has to be unique because most times we are engaging in a conversation that is very exclusive to us. We can be talking about secrets that we heard, or maybe tdiscussing somebody or something that could lead us to trouble if

To Implement Primary Prevention Principles Designed to Address an Assignment

To Implement Primary Prevention Principles Designed to Address an Issue of Concern to the stallion School Community - Assignment ExampleSchool psychologists, as well as school consultants back up in the prevention political program by providing school leaders a way to expose some(prenominal) procedures of how to deal with several problems of children, more particularly, student achievement, self-esteem upgradement, substance abuse, or crisis situations within school limits (Shaw, M. C., Goodyear, R. K., 1984).Nowadays, children be more demanding than in the previous eras. Some children rather than others cannot make it normally. They need special and verifying training to get into the stream. (Stephen J. M., Astrid M. O M., March 2008). For the appraisal of these children which are usually left behind, prevention programs are being conducted by many school leaders. According to school psychologists, special training programs are necessitate to be conducted in the premature l evel of their studies so as to make them build up their dependable character. Prevention programs are one of them to help the students psychologically as well as mentally to enhance their behavior and get to know of dealings with certain critical situations which make them brave enough to conk out running again among the other normal children.Program to implement primary prevention principles Primary schools relieve oneself some funding collected to support pre- level children who are not making expected progress. The important aim of Prevention Programs is to raise the standard of all children. Strategies are to be made in aver to give the children additional support in achievement as well as in dealing with another critical issue like substance abuse or crises management. Primary prevention program is a significant program that brings changes in the structural framework of each educational unit. This helps the children in memorizing everyday practices and consistent applica tion of positive or negative reinforcement.

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

literary works - Essay ExampleHowever, reviewers expectations are not confirmed. Chaucer merely uses the features of the genres to communicate the communicates of his own, to establish the themes and motives he is going to elaborate in his tales. The general prologue introduces the range of the thematic and stylistic elements developed in the collection.The reader can misunderstand the authors message, misled by the generic forms represented in the prologue. At first, a reader is likely to concentrate on the gallery of portraits, perceiving them as a satirical representation of antithetical social classes contemporary to Chaucer. Ian Johnston (1998) suggests that it is necessary to distinguish between character and thematic analysis. As a rule, critics pore on the character analysis of the prologue, ignoring the thematic approach, which is the consideration of ideas and leitmotivs and the way how they are presented, modified, challenged and resolved by the curio of the work. Fro m thematic perspective characterization plays a primary role in the presentation of organise ideas. However, one is to bear in mind, that, unlike philosophical works, works of fiction do not swirl rational arguments (though may contain them to some degree). Thus, it is not right to reduce a work of fiction to some simple moral. By this Johnston must mean that interpreting the general prologue as rigorously a work of satire we are likely to miss an opportunity to understand the real message of the author.First of all, it is necessary to focus on the famous opening lines (1-18). These lines imitate the opening of the thirteenth-century French act of the Rose, an allegorical dream vision and love romance which was the best-seller of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. All the educated readers were long-familiar with that work, partially translated into English by Chaucer himself. Imitating the opening of the Romance, Chaucer plays with the readers expectations, suggests Debor a B. Schwartz

Miller said the Crucible Essay Example for Free

milling machine said the Crucible Essaymilling machine emphasizes this by using short sentences with many pauses. The silence creates condolence for the characters from the audience. There is also a lot of questioning which reflects conflict and how the characters are helpless wish well a small child. This emotional togetherness of the Proctors contrasts greatly with their conflict with each other on pages 41-45 A sense of their time interval arises p42. When the Proctors were together being able to live physically and sexually together they were separate but right off they are virtually to be ripped apart they are emotionally together. Elizabeth speaks the last words of the walkover about John. This shows how their conflict has finally been refractory. This contrasts with the dramatic devices use in the next part of the scene later on they arrest to speak about Johns confession and when Hathorne comes in. This next part uses pauses and questioning as well to convey an doubt atmosphere. It is no longer a personal scene- this part shows the community of interests side to the play. There is a hasty conflict between the individual and the community in this scene but it is concentrated more on in the rest of the play.Another main theme in The Crucible is that of the conflict between sinlessness and experience/guilt. On page 110 Elizabeth says out in the open that it were a cold bear I kept. This tells the audience that Elizabeth was frigid in her relationship with John. This has been hinted at through and throughout Elizabeth and Johns conversations and especially in bit 2 p42 its winter in this house yet as John says. Even though this is used by Elizabeth to show that she is guilty it tells the audience she is in fact innocent.To all appearances, and how most of the other characters distinguish Elizabeth and Abigail, Elizabeth is the guilty one and Abigail is the innocent. They see Abigail as a child and a virgin who is virtuous sexually, vir tuously and ghostlyly whereas the audience, John, Elizabeth and storm know better. The majority of characters see Elizabeth as the older, more sexually and sinfully experienced. Salem societys religious outlook fogs their settlement and they assume that the woman who they perceive as sexually innocent is also legally innocent.As we see they are wrong in both respects John has committed fornication with Abigail who is the experienced and guilty one. William Blake This play is about the individual vs. the community. It shows the world what can happen if an individual speaks up for his/herself and acts on his/her personal beliefs. If one is not on the side of the community one is estranged from the community and rejected. In extreme circumstances, such as in this play, one can be put to death. Hale says (p116) that it is pride, it is vanity to create conflict with the community when you know you will be punished for doing so.Personally I think, I believe Arthur Miller thinks and t he character of John Proctor thinks, that Hale is wrong. He suggests that it is wrong when he says it is vanity. Miller tries to show that John is a mostly upright character and died for a good cause. Miller believes this conflict between the individual and the community is right when the community is repressive and punishing. The word sibilance in the set directions (p106) at the beginning of this scene means let out and actually makes a hissing sound when articulate properly.The sibilance at the beginning of this scene shows the conflict between Elizabeths inner emotions and the emotions of the other characters in the scene. This sound breaks the silence when John comes in. I think it sets the scene for the last part of the play because Elizabeth Proctor is very aristocratical and defeated at this last part of the play and Johns feet on the ground sounds like an animal hissing in fright. I think that at this point Elizabeth is hissing inside and this is the expression of her i nside emotions.It is posterior confirmed that she is very scared for Johns life and her own and terrified about the whole situation as she is later in terror, weeping. This is caused because of the Proctors earlier conflict being resolved. This sibilance could alternatively be interpreted as Johns rebelliousness against the court officials and jailers because as we see when Parris feebly offers, a cup of cider, Mr Proctor, he has nothing but disrespect for them. The themes in this scene relate to the play as a whole. The theme of truth and lies and its resultant impression upon howeverice and injustice runs throughout the play.It begins on a simple level in Act angiotensin-converting enzyme then as the play develops the situation gets more serious. The yellow bird the afflicted girls see could make up lying because the colour yellow is often linked with this conflict. This conflict continues all through the play and is resolved at the end when John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse hang because they are on the side of truth. In a way one could say that justice is defeated and destroyed at the end of the play because of all the characters those who stand up for truth and real justice, not Salem justice, are hanged.In my credit justice wins this conflict because Proctor doesnt go by in to lying at the very end. Although, he may be in part considering his and his familys reputation, his behaviour can also be likened to that of a saint after all it is reminiscent of the early Christian martyrs. The truth/lies and justice/injustice conflicts are intrinsically related not just in the play but also universally. Falsity like Abigails can request great injustices as we see in the play but falsity like Hales let him give his lie intended actions could bring us back to justice.In the same way truth like Johns saying he will not sign myself to lies can lead to injustice since he is hanged at the end but in this play a great number of characters would have to see the assoil truth to lead the to justice. Since all the characters have some belief in God the supreme judge they all believe in truth and justice to a certain extent and that that will be give at the end. As Elizabeth says There be no higher judge under heaven. No one except God can judge Proctor and the other people to be hanged. This assay has discussed conflict between and within various different themes, people and ideas.The Chambers Science and Technology lexicon says that a crucible is, a refractory vessel or pot in which metals are melted. The psychiatric hospital to the Heinemann version of The Crucible 1992 (Maureen Blakesley) says, John Proctor is tested in a life threatening trial by ordeal and his death at the end rather than betrayal of his conscience shows that he too has come through the fire to be purified. I would go as far as to say that the crucible (refractory vessel) is the ordeal and events therefore the play itself The Crucible and the whole idea of conflict can be taken from just the play title.When John finally has his transgressions and personal disbeliefs refracted he is executed. This is also symbolic to show he becomes pure suggesting he has reached paradise after being removed from the crucible. Imogen Hagarty 1 Show preview only The in a higher place preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Critical Review of Related Literature Essay Example for Free

Critical Re sight of cerebrate Literature EssayThe sparing brass is the the method in which a country produces, distributes and consumes goods and run. An scotch system must say four basic economic questions that lead direct a nations economic drill (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2010) What goods and services- and how very a lot of each- will be produced? How will these goods and services be produced? For whom will these goods and services be produced? Who owns and who controls the major(ip) factors of issue? Four types of economic systems thrust been compriseulated and implemented finished prohibited human history. These argon usageal parsimony, reign parsimoniousness, capitalist/free frugality and mixed economy. Traditional economy is based on culture, tradition and rituals. This type of economy, which developed gradually characterized by slow outputivity and low rising capital- stab ratios, usually rest of agriculture based societies (Mokyr, 1989). Comman d economies atomic number 18 economies in which the government owns and controls major factors of production. Also cal take centrally aforethought(ip) economy, the government decides on all issues regarding labor, mode of production and what goods and services to produce.Socialist and communist societies are examples of command economies. However, most leaders of these forms of government veryized that although it was based on the principle of equality, the system was inefficient take to shortages or surplus of products which usually resulted in political unrest (Taylor, 2007). Capitalist economic system is a system wherein individuals and private enterprises own and operate the major factors of production. Based on the lassiez-faire theories of Adam Smith in which individuals are given the freedom to utilize resources as they deem fit.The role of the government is limited to standard and creating economic rules. This system advertizes competition and prices of goods and serv ices are obstinate by the mechanisms of supply and demand (Pride et. al. 2010). The finally type of economy is the mixed economy wherein the advantages of capitalism or free mart economy is feature with some of the principles of a command economy. In this economic form, goods and services are exchanged among households and firms.The government, on the other hand remedy regulates and imposes rules, but ian important responsibility of it is to collect taxes from business owners and its citizens, which will enable to likewise get out goods and services such(prenominal) as education, infrastructure and security (Pride et. al. , 2010). In this context, the market (producers of goods) answer the wants art object the government get outs the need. Economic Shift These economic systems have created economic shifts that determined the primary products of that economic era and the modes of production.In the traditional economies, agriculture was the main form of industry. In fact, ec onomists approximation that the British economy in 1760 was comprised of almost 90% agriculture industries (Mokyr, 1989). However, the advent of the Industrial revolution changed the economic landscape from agriculture to industrial. The introduction of machines, technological innovations and assembly lines in to the modes of production shifted the economy form producing inelegant products to manufactured products. Post-World War Two and increasing globalization would witness a nonher(prenominal) global economic shift.Again, technology played depict role in the rise of service economies. Service economies are not direct engaged in manufacturing but is involved in the homework of human value added in the form of labour, advice, managerial skill, entertainment, training, intermediation and the like (OECD, 2000). The rapid development of information and communication (ICT) technologies have allowed companies to tap on the knowl sharpness and intellectual properties of economies p ackaging them as a distinct economic proceeds.This form of economy has bled into opposite industry sectors such as ICTs and healthcare, as companies are pressured to concentrate on core competencies, reduce costs, solve external, narrow expertise, giving rise to business bushel outsourcing companies. This has enabled foreign companies to tap into other foreign countries labor providing much needed jobs especially for developing countries. The shifting of economies, the development of technology and the success of mass production has led to the commodification of products and services.This has stripped away the personalization of products and services, mutating relation send offs into an exchange relation or as Karl Marx (1978) called it thickened cash salary. Pine and Gilmore (1999), point out that although commodification has led to cost-savings, it no longer breeds growth and profitability. Thus, they reveal that there is some other aspect of economy that has not fully be en explored and tapped by businesses. They labelled this new-sprung(prenominal) approach as the get word economy. Companies that come upon feature as a distinct economic output are given new horizons to expand their businesses. sustain= Economic Output The model of an fancy economy is rooted in the principles of creating sensations between the consumer and the product creating memorable pay backs (Pine and Gilmore, 1999). This economic strategy engages the client, customizing products and services tally to their needs and wants, turning the them into not undecomposed passive users of products but as important factors in the intro and marketing of the product. Pine and Gilmore (1999) refer to the burnt umber tree bean as a perfect example of the effect of arrest as an economic output.The drinking chocolate bean is a commodity that if manufactured and sold as a good in a grocery sees a jump of between 5-10 percent in ts price from a rough commodity to a manufactured and packaged good. However, when a cup of coffee is sold in cafes and coffee shops, its effectively jumps to 100-300% percent of its raw price and people are still willing to pay for it? wherefore? Pine and Gilmore attribute this willingness to the accept factor that cafes and coffee shops add to the cup of coffee. The added experience of an ambiance of comfort, serenity and satisfaction effectively raises the value of the cup of coffee.And yet, customers are willing to pay for that expensive cup of coffee because the drinking of one is no longer focused on the coffee itself (although the quality of the product still has the biggest percentage in the satisfaction criteria) but on the whole experience of drinking it. set about itself is not a new concept, but economists and producers of goods have , in the past, attached it to the delivery of services that its power is generally unappreciated and tapped (p. 2). However, Pine and Gilmore (1999) reiterate that experiences are as dis tinct from services as services are from goods (p.3). When a person buys a service, he purchases a set of intangible activities carried out on his behalf. nevertheless when a buys an experience, he pays to spend time enjoying a series of memorable events that a company stages-as in a theatrical play- to engage him in a personal way. (p. 2) It is through this concept of a plain and stage that the authors initially frame the concept of experience economy. The consumers are the actors in theatres, stages and plays which are prepared, scripted and be after by companies.Thus, for the experience to be truly credible and believable, manufacturers and suppliers must change their perspective from merely providers to stagers of events. Customers and clients are no longer viewed as just but are treated as guests. The stagers of events must then be flexible, ready to adapt to the demands of their guests. This relation carry between the stager and guest is much more deeper than the callous p ayment of cash referred to by Marx (1978) but actually creates a relationship between both parties make on trust and quality service.Although experience economy have primarily been associated with the entertainment industry, with the efforts of theme set and movies to deliver realistic and truly synergistic attractions through the use of 3D technology, surround well-informed and, in the part of Walt Disney theme lay, productions that immerse the sights, sounds, tastes, aromas and textures of their guests (Gilmore and Pine, p. 3). However, other industries have taken notice of this approach. Service industries such as restaurants are investing on ambiance and in services that engage all the sensations of their guests to create curious dining experiences.IT companies are racing to create much more powerful processors to create ICT experiences that are interactive and life-like (Grove, 1996). It has also been adapted by parking lots, department stores, appliance repairmen, and in creasingly by businesses themselves to create much more dynamic and productive workplaces by bringing employees and the products closer. Evidently, the experience economy has become a doctrine for companies that seek to distinguish themselves from the competition.In this light, what industries have been greatly transformed by this philosophy? What strategies did they create in order to provide their guests with unusual experiences? Did the adoption of this philosophy bring about positively charged effects? Or did it further lead to consumer alienation? This paper will attempt to answer these questions by following cases of experience cases and provide a picture of the effect of this strategies. A critique of the philosophy will attempt to reveal its personnels, weaknesses and limitations when employ in the real world.Review of Related Literature The Cruise Ship Experience A doctoral dissertation plain by Hosany and Witham (2009) focused on the cruisers experiences and analyze d the relationships between tourists experiences and personal evaluation of satisfaction and feedback. Based on the conceptualization of tourism experiences by Oh, Fiore and Jeoung (2007), the con hoped to contribute on the experiential concept of tourism by enhancing its theoretical progress and advancing important implications for cruise markets (Hosany and Witham, 2009).Oh, Fiore and Jeoung (2007) conduced a pound field that desire to provide empirical evidences of the experience economy as posited by Pine and Gilmore (1999). Using the place of a Bed and Breakfast Inn, which has been identified as highly experiential in nature (McIntosh and Siggs, 2005), guests were asked to musical rhythm their caparison experiences. Utilizing a rigorous and methodologically sound approach to scale development, Oh et. al.(2007) were able to create a sound and valid scale which careful tourism experiences. The main objective of Hosany and Whithams dissect therefore was to validate the circular developed by Oh et. al. (2007) by applying it to the context of cruise tourism. This main objective was supported by dickens specific objectives to identify the underlying dimensions of cruisers experiences to analyze the relationship between cruisers experiences, satisfaction and intention to recommendThe development chose to examine the cruiser experience since these trips offered total escape, safe transportation to exotic destinations, Vegas style entertainment, high-minded lunacy service, quality aliment and beverage, innovative onboard features and awe-inspiring aesthetics among others (p. 5). Cruise vacations are chosen because of their promise of luxurious care and entertainment (Cartwright and Baird, 1999) and are laden with experiential benefits that engage tourists in a unique hearty experience (Kwortnik, 2006). Employing survey method, the Oh et. al.(2007) tourism experience scale was reworked in order to apply to the context of the con. Variables such as cruisers experience, memory, arousal, overall perceived quality, intention to recommend and satisfaction were measured along with other changeable of interest such as demographic variables that included gender, age, travel companion, number of past cruises taken, and nationality. The four dimensions of experience education, entertainment, aesthetics and escapism were represented with four statements and were rated using a 7-point scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 7 strongly agree.Variables such as arousal and memories about the cruise experience were also measured using 7-point scales. general perceived quality and overall satisfaction were assessed through deuce items each (poor/excellent and inferior/superior, and super dissatisfied/ passing satisfied and terrible/delighted respectively). Finally, respondents intention to recommend were measured using the question How likely is it that you would recommend this cruise to family and friends or family members and thro ugh a scale of -3 extremely unlikely and +3 extremely likely.Data collection was done aboard the cruise ship Rhapsody of the Seas which is owned and operated by Royal Caribbean International Cruise Line. It was achieved by approaching the cruisers less than hour after disembarking from the ship and while waiting for their coach transfers. All in all, 169 questionnaires were accomplished out of the 1859 guests onboard. The subscribe to established the validity and generalisability of the Oh et. al. (2007) measure for tourism experience.Data also revealed that the four kingdoms of experience (education, entertainment, aesthetics and escapism) lot be utilize in the context of cruise experiences and still be proved reliable and valid. Although the four dimensions varied in their impressiveness in rationalizeing the variable outcomes of arousal, memory, overall perceived quality, satisfaction and intention to recommend, the results were similar with Oh et. al. (2007) which identifi ed aesthetics as the main factor in experiential outcomes.This also agrees with Kwortniks (2008) conclusions that a ships design and ambient features affect cruisers emotions and carriages. Hosany and Withams (2009) findings on entertainment contradicted Oh et. al. (2007) in that it was found to be the second strongest determinant of outcome variables. The study attributes this to the reputation of cruise ships as entertainment havens. Education and escapism dimensions were found to be of little consequence to the cruise ship experience. The study also found out that the four dimensions of cruisers experiences have direct concussions on passengers intention to recommend.Overall, Hosany and Withams study provide tangible and empirical findings that back-up the concept of experience economy posited by Gilmore and Pine (1999). The studys initiative to investigate the concepts application on an industry that has yet to be fully explored but is a perfect setting for investigating exper ience economy is the its grea hear strength. The publications review of the study provides rich, background detail on the concepts of experience economy and other recent studies on the cruise ship industry.However, the sample of the study exactly scratched the population of the its main study. The time constraint (two weeks) and the focus on only one cruise ship could be seen as the greatest weaknesses of the study. It would have been interesting to see a comparison of experiences between two cruise ships that ply the same cruise route. A lack of the effect of cruise ship employee behavior on the overall experience is an area that should have been investigated but was overlooked.This should have been an important factor for the study since Gilmore and Pine rein lastingnesss the importance of the companys interaction in setting the feel for the stage of experience. the study also did not take into account the sociological aspect of the cruise, such as the effect of other cruisers behavior on the whole experience. Despite these, the findings of the study that revealed its greatest contribution by proving the validity of Oh et. al. s (2007) tourism measure. This is a giant step for the further investigation of experience economy by providing a reliable test that can be applied in various tourism contexts.Experience Economy in the unpolished Context Isaac Kwamena Arthurs (2008) paper entitled Conceptualisation of Experience Economy as Competitive Advantage for campestral Food Industry and Rural development sought to introduce a example which can be applied to the rural fodder industry in order for it to attain a war-ridden edge in an experience economy. The paper presents evidences that point to the positive implications of experience economy on business sugar and community development.Studies have proven that experience economies add value to rural businesses (Fiore et. al, 2007), its usefulness in industries such as tourism (Richard, 2001 Hayes and Mac leod, 2006 Oh et,al. 2007), small city development (Lorentzen et. al. , 2007) and its implication on the development of urban sports and recreation settings (Howell, 2005). Despite most experience economists identifying its products as free-enterprise(a) (Lorentzen, 2008) and providing a higher degree of customer satisfaction and profitability (Sims et. al., 2007), they do not present any fabric or supposition to chair firms in maintaining this competitive advantage. Thus, Arthurs paper sought to provide a deeper understanding of experience economy through the presentation of strategic approaches that can be adapted by rural food industries to maintain competitive advantage. Guided by the research question what is the experience economy and what strategic approaches exist for experience producers in the rural food industry to utilize in achieving competitive advantage? (Arthur 2008, p.2), the paper analyzed different views on strategic counsel concepts while adapting on Gilmor e and Pine (1999) concept of experience economy. Employing an extensive literature review, Arthur (2008) explores the concepts of experience economy and its applications drawing mostly on the works of Gilmore and Pine (1999). he reveal that although forward authors have identified the concept of experience industries (Toffler 1970, p. 221), it was Gilmore and Pine that indicated a new orientation of experience, which is central to creating events virtually products (Arthur 2008, p.3). This idea of creating events around products therefore create experiences (such as an educational show on how a product is manufactured) which becomes the package in which products are marketed and sold. In applying the experiential economy concept on rural food industry, Arthur (2008) focused on the two forms of experience realms customers passive or active involvement and the level of incoming or absorption. These two forms delineate the individuals familiarity in the experience and the bond that is created between the consumer and the experience (Gilmore and Pine 1999, p.30-31). Arthur (2008) then enumerates different examples of experiential economy at work in the rural food industry, such as the local food producers organizing food processing festivals wherein consumers can watch how food products are prepared. For further immersion, Arthur (2008) suggests educational tours that introduce consumers to the inner workings of food processing plants and by encouraging their participation in some of the processes. The escapist realm of experience can be attained by customers being engaged in the production and processing of their product (Arthur 2008, p.5). He also suggests the creation of theme parks and utilization of venues where consumers can purchase various food products in order to engage the aesthetic realm of experience economy. In discovering a framework for maintaining competitive advantage, Arthur (2008) first defined the parameters of competitive advantage. He computer addresss Besanko,et. al. (2007) explanation as his basis for identifying competitive advantage as the firms specific abilities to do or achieve things which are superior over their competitors in the market (Arthur 2008, p. 7).Arthur identifies three models which can be utilized to attain competitive advantage in the rural food industry five Force model, resource-base view, and the comparative view. The five force model identifies an industrys profitability (Porter, 1985 Grant, 2002 and Xu et. al. , 2006) and offers an understanding that competition is not merely between competitors but involves the whole process of production and its players. The identification of these five forces are attributed to Porter (1985, p. 4) threat of new market entrants threat of alleviation products or services bargaining power of suppliers bargaining power of buyers rivalry among competitors The resource base view looks at the internal organizational resources and capabilities to achie ve competitive advancement in a selected environment (Douglas and Ryman, 2002). This framework looks at how a firms uniqueness can give it an edge against its competitors (Grant, 2002). Various management literatures identify relational view as the inter-firm relations which gives rise to a firms profitability (Dyer and Singh, 1998 Duschek, 2003 Douglas and Ryman, 2003).It sheds light on the importance of networking in creating competitive advantage. In combining these three models, Arthur (2008) provides a framework for rural food industries that builds upon the five force understanding of the prospects of obtaining competitive advantage through experience offerings in the rural food industry, strengthened by the firms identification and utilization of its capabilities and resources according to the resource base view model, and finally, through a seeking out and building of strategic alliances (based on the relational view model) to cement its position in the industry.Although Art hur (2008) was able to identify the contribution and importance of experience economy in different industry sectors,it was not able to provide new insight on the composition. This can be attributed to the methodology adapted by the study and its bowed down(p) reliance on the works of Gilmore and Pine (1999). However, it was able to achieve its both its objectives with the discovery of a framework for maintaining competitive advantage in rural food industries by reviewing and combining three strategic management models.This is the study greatest strength since it pioneers initiatives towards the creation of frameworks which cater to the performance of industries in the experience economy. But, its the studys greatest strength is also its biggest pitfall. With the absence of a real data gathering research methodology and reliance on previous works, Arthurs (2008) suggested framework remains a hypothesis and not yet a valid theory as it remains to be tested and operationalized within the context of the rural food industry.On a positive note, the author does plan to test his conceptual framework in a empirical case study of the Thisted food industry in Denmark. Exploring the Inner Sanctum of Experience Mark van Doorn of Philips look for presents a fresh look at the concept of experinec economy in his paper entitled An at heart Story on the Experience Economy (2006). In this paper, Doorn (2006) explores the concept of experience as a cognitive process that shapes the individuals consumption behavior and answers the need for psychological self-determination and well-being (p.1). An analysis of literature leads Doorn (2006) to cite Turners Literary Mind which explains that top understand the mind, one must dwell on the body and the natural underpinnings of the mind (Doorn 2006, p. 2). Turner gives importance to the story or narrative imaging as the main destiny of thought, crucial for planning, evaluating, explaining, for recalling the past and imaging the futu re (Turner 1996, p. 4-5). Turner reveals that the human mind engages in experiences by creating narratives to explain even the simplest of acts (p.13). This follows with Cognitive Science Theories that state that experiences are absorbed by the senses and processed by the mind. Doorn (2006) also explores the concept of ambient narratives wherein individuals are immersed in an interactive experience created from a mixture of virtual and real world concepts which they can change according to their own experiences. Doorns (2006) analysis of experience economy is such a departure from the usual studies on the topic.His paper reveals the connection between economics, psychology and literature by dispelling expression academic notions of experience economy as rooted in the delivery of personalized and highly specialized products and services. He posits that the melding of literature and performance with business and technology can actually lead to a much more interactive and effective ex periential economy. However, Doorns (2006) analysis only reveals these connections and yet ends up with more questions regarding the creation of a grand unification theory (p. 10) that will answer and describe the cognitive processes of experience economy.Impacts of Experience Most studies undertaken under experience economy seeks to measure the experience, overlooking the impact of experience economy on the society in general and its effects on tourism. Joanie Willet answers this dearth of literature in her study entitled Cornwalls Experience of the Experience Economy Longitudinal impacts (2009). The paper will investigate the impact of experience economy on a selected area by evaluating socio-economic changes which have resulted from regional experience strategies and the impact of experience economy discourses on the area.Cornwall, England will be the case study of regional economies that really to a great extent on tourism. The paper is guided by the following objectives Revie w the Key Tenets of the Experience Economy according to Gilmore and Pine (1999) Discuss experience economy with regards to Cornwall Trace socio-economic changes in Cornwall brought about by experience economy Findings of the study reveal that underneath Cornwalls image as a wealthy tourism destination is a society plagued by severe inequalities and deprivation (p. 10).Government efforts to create an idealized English setting to promote tourism has constrained the economic opportunities in Cornwall. Willet (2009) reveals that efforts to create a unique English experience for tourists have led to sociological impacts detrimental on the Cornish locals. However, Willet (2009) discovers that Gilmore and Pine (1999) provides a provision wherein the personalization of guests experiences require locals to adopt advanced skills and educational assessments which will balance out the detrimental effects of the experiential economy.Willets (2009) study provides a holistic picture on the true sociological impacts of the rise of experience economies. This study revealed that the ideals of Gilmore and Pines (1999) of customized services and unique services does not necessarily lead to the development of both the consumer and producer. However, the study would have yielded deeper empirical evidence by employing research methods a such as surveys with both tourists and locales ad interviews with the key players in the Cornwall micro-economy. But overall, Willets study is a cautionary tale that reveals the two-sides of economic ideas.Lise Lycks lecture on Experience Economy as an Instrument to Create Economic Profitability presents the other side of Willets study. Employing case study to describe the hotel economic landscape of Copenhagen and analysis on three frontrunner hotels in Copenhagen, the investigation sought to answer two primary objectives Shall hotels invest in experience economy? and How do risk and business pedal development influence decision-making and profi tability? The methods revealed that with the construction of the Oresund Bridge brought a large influx of clients in accommodations for Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmo, Sweden.This led to an expansion in the number of hotels in the Oresund region, totaling to 196 hotels with 19,036 rooms in total. This economic expansion has led to hotels banking on a delivery of unique accommodations through the employment of experience economy. The case study focused on three hotels in particular Hotel Fox (formerly Old Park Hotel), Hotel Skt,. Petri and Guldsmeden Hotel. The utilization of unique marketing techniques, innovations in core values and hotel concepts and the focus on consumer behavior have indeed turned the hotels adoption of the experience economy into profits and the establishment of new and better images.The case study also revealed that there was a dependency to business cycle development, which guided the creation of a framework that was specifically catered to the enthronisatio n in hotels. This model, when applied to the case studies, rendered useful decision-making insights in the context of experience economy investment projects. This study presents another framework that is useful in the application of experience economy in real world situations.The study was able to demonstrate that through innovative industry practices and a full commitment to the delivery of unique experiences can indeed yield profits especially for service sectors such as hotel chains. Once again, this study blurs the distinction between the delivery of service and experience. Is is however evident that in the context of hotels, the delivery services are much more effective and appreciated when packaged as an experiential product. Research intention The review of related literature revealed the different aspects in which the economics of experience have been investigated.The manner in which experience economy was investigated mirrored an outward spiral model in which early studies focused on the description, distinction and investigation of the experience itself. Studies that focused on these were able to reveal the importance of consumer behavior in influencing the type of experience to be delivered. Most early studies also sought to prove or overthrow the initial principles posited by Gilmore and Pine in their assertion of the experience as a separate music genre of economic output (Gilmore and Pine, introduction) distinct from services as services are from goods (p. 2).However, recent studies on the topic have led to a widening of horizons, and stepping out from the core of the spiral model of experiential economic research. These studies, such as Willet and Lyke, explore the socio-economic impacts of the real world implementation of experience economy. These studies have revealed the positive and negative impacts on businesses and communities, both cautioning and encouraging economic policy-makers and decision-makers. Useful data culled from the review of related experience economy literature for the research proposal would be the tourism experience measure of Oh et.al. (2007) discussed and adapted by Hosany and Witham (2009) in their own investigation of cruisers experiences. The study can utilize and adapt this tool in metre tourist behavior and satisfaction towards Thai indigenous tourism products. Although Arthurs study is merely a proposal, its ideas on the local implementation of experience economy and its framework for competitive advantage can be applied on the case study of the Four Seasons hotel and the Rose Garden Hotel.The numerous case studies presented in the review of related literature can provide a useful guide for analyzing the economic viability of experience economy in the context of Thai tourism. Especially of value is the last case study of hotels in Copenhagen which provided a framework and guidelines in the implementation of investment projects based on experience economy. The research proposal can then pr ove or disprove the validity of the framework by applying it to experience economy investment projects in the context of Asian countries. References Taylor, John. (2007). Economics. Boston, MA Houghton Mifflin Company. Mokyr, Joel (ed. ). (1989). The Economics of Industrial Revolution. Lanham, MD Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Pride, William, Hughes, Robert and Kapoor, Joey. (2010). Business. Mason, OH Cengage Learning. Organization for Economic Co-operation and festering (2000). The Service Economy. Science Technology Industry. OECD. Gilmore, Jim and Pine, Joe. (1999). The Experience Economy Work is Theatre and every Business is a Stage. Aurora, OH Strategic Horizons LLP. Grove, Andrew. (1996). Keynote Speech Comdex computer show. November 18, 1996.

Changing a Five Day School Week to a Four Day School Week Essay Example for Free

changing a v Day School Week to a Four Day School Week EssayChanging a basketball team sidereal solar daylighttime trim calendar week to a five day week to a four-spot day week (For schools) Why is our traditional five day week changing to a four day week? Any reason? A four day week would result in extra hours of work, interference with family schedules and much more(prenominal). In any case whats the problem with the five day school week? The customary five day school week should stay without any alterations. at that place atomic number 18 many reasons that support the understanding of having a five day school week kinda of changing it into a four day school week. Firstly, batch argon already apply to the five day week and aptitude ingest to put some changes to their regular habits. Secondly, parents at work would substantiate a very hard term to find a person to take care of their sister (babysitter) this would be a large(p) problem for families with n o money. In the third reason I tell about the kids interest areas. It would be a loss of time of their practice of their extra-curricular activities that they really enjoy from their prize classes.There are many reasons that support the understanding of having a five day school week instead of changing it to a five day school week. People are already used to the five day school week since centuries and there have not been a lot of problems with the system, so why change it right now? The four day week would make a big difference (bad changes) in their sleeping and eating habits(Proved out by the Canadian center for occupational health). Parents at work would also have a hard time finding a babysitter.They would have a hard time leaving their children alone at home. This would be a big problem for children and families who are poor and cannot afford a person to take care of their children during work. Everyone knows that education for children has an impact on the futurity of this country. Our education/ learning system has been going on pretty good or lets just say progressing every day and taking a brake would obviously low the helping down of getting all these things we hope for. Lots of high schools, middle schools and elementary schools have spunky time/P.E which makes children active at least for sixty min. a day. Less activity time can lead to unhealthy diseases such as obesity.Many activities such as orchestra, robotics and arts are chosen by the child with their own interest. If a parent cannot afford a class (outside school) it would be hard for them to enjoy the lost time of the choice class they chose. Now I would like to fit on more to my first reason of having a five day week instead of changing it to a four day week. All of us have been using the ive day week for centuries so why change it now? The four day week might bring a emergent change in sleep habits which in turn may cause drowsiness, laziness and other factors during running(a) hours. The four day week might also bring sudden changes in eating habits from more regular parties and unhealthy food.. When you have another weekend, many people oversleep. You might also relegate accredited health problems from oversleeping on an extra holiday such as diabetes, heart diseases, stress, anxiety, apnea and many more.Another day of a holiday means more partying, and mainly eating more unhealthy food. Problems that you might develop from eating unhealthy food are Obesity, Diabetes, bulimia, binge eating and many more. There are people out there fighting for a four day week. Let see a few of the other sides arguments. Some say that having a four day week might help save gasconade money for the district. However school buses are used on weekends as a public transportation even more which in turn might get the gas costs higher instead of saving a whole bunch of money.Parents also say that children would have extra free time if allowed an extra weekend. But guess what? 70% of all kids in the States would prefer to have school instead of an extra weekend. School is a place where you could interact with hoary friends and make new friends Fun activities compiled with learning. What would be a better option? In conclusion I would want the school board to consider the decision of having a five day school week because of multiple reasons I told during my essay.Such as people are already used to the five day school week, poor parents and normal parents might have a hard time at work worrying about their children at work and having a babysitter, less(prenominal) education for the future, less activity time, less extra-curricular time and having less face-to-face time with the teacher. Therefore as a call to action I would go to the school board/superintendent and reject all proposals of having a four day week because of these several reasons. I would also write a petition/proposal regarding to keep the 5 day school week the same. This petition would inc lude other parents signatures who agree with me.

Experimentation Essay Example for Free

testation moveCell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability Activity 2 Simulated Facilitated Diffusion Lab Report Pre-lab examine Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Molecules need a carrier protein to military service them move across a membrane because You correctly answered d. they be lipid insoluble or they are too large. 2. Which of the following is true of facilitated diffusion? You correctly answered c. Movement is passive and down a immersion gradient. 3.Examples of solutes that might require facilitated diffusion include You correctly answered d. all of the above.Which of the following would not affect the mark of facilitated diffusion? You correctly answered a. the amount of intracellular ATP 08/30/12 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question Predict Question 1 What act do you think increase the enumerate of protein carriers will have on the glucose transport rate? Your answer a. The glucose transport rate will decrease.For f acilitated diffusion, increasing the stringency of glucose on one side of the membrane is the same as You correctly answered b. making the concentration gradient steeper 3. When all of the membrane carriers are engaged, or busy, we say they are You correctly answered a. saturated. Na+ Cl- had no effect on glucose transport because You correctly answered b. odium is not required for glucose transport in the simulation. 08/30/12 page 3 Review Sheet Results 1. Explain one way in which facilitated diffusion is the same as wide diffusion and one way in which it is different from simple diffusion. Your answer Simple diffussion moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower without an input of energy. facilitated follows the same rule nevertheless uses protein carrier molecules to allow substance that are fat solubles to diffuse through the cell membrane.The larger cherish obtained when more glucose carriers were present corresponds to an increase in the rate of glucose transport. Explain why the rate increased. How healthful did the results equal with your prediction? Your answer My prediction was wrong the glucose transport rate would increase 3. Explain your prediction for the effect Na+ Cl- might have on glucose transport. In other words, explain why you picked the choice that you did. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer The rate should stay ther same 08/30/12 page 4

Reflection about the discomfort Essay Example for Free

Reflection astir(predicate) the discomfort EssayWhen I met a stranger at a party, I said to myself I wouldnt be shy. I told him my life story and my opinions within 10 minutes of meeting him. How odd it seemed. And last he escaped from me. This was non a good start of a relationship, from that I learned self- revelation was a kind of communication which peeed shell a little at a time. I had to sensitive to the late(prenominal) persons needs and feeling, to be empathic. When I communicated with my boyfriend in the first week, I reminded myself I should practice self-disclosure and I gave me a license to blurt out every social function to him. Several times he said to me, Youre doing that communication thing on me. From his reflection about the discomfort, I thought I was over disclosing. The next week, when I stayed with him, I paid more attention on listening to him, gave him chances to disclose, but he complained that he was disclosing more than I was. This time I made a nother mistake, I was underdisclosing. I understood that deciding when and how much personalised information to disclose was not a simple case, if I couldnt handle hygienic, not only I would lose the chance to make friend with that stranger, but also lose my boyfriend. I was so melancholy that I was not prepare well for this part in the methodology section. I should modify it. accordingly I went to do some reading and found the guideline for disclosure.Self disclosure is best when it is to the business person-often one who is capable of empathic understanding to the right degree- you may decide to disclose all or part of your experience for the right reasons-be sure your goal is to disclose yourself rather than to burden the other or show off at the right time-in hours that are appropriate and when the other is not heavily heavy-laden with his own need and in the right place-in a location conducive to this kind of communication.(Bolton, 1986, p. 180)In the chivalricime days, I kept these guidelines in mind when I communicated and made a great effort in using disclosing, no complaints again and the relation between my boyfriend went tied(p) intimacy.I was amazed how I was able to self disclose to my friend Jane after nearlly 3 weeks disclosing training. I kick ined myself to her and revealed things about my past that I very rarely talk about. I found she was able to relate to me and I even led the way for her to reveal things about herself.This gave us a great beginning. One behavior that has hindered my self-disclosure with her was when she told me she was not happy for me when I told her a serious mistake I have made before. Unfortunately, after she did that I have not been able to open myself up anymore. I didnt take confrontation too well and said nothing at all. I needed to form this by telling her how I entangle when she said that to me. If I could do this it would be a big step for me. This was a problem that I didnt foresee, I should learn ho w to deal with confrontation, prepare for it.I kept a journal of my disclosing within these 3 weeks. I found I was easy to disclosure to women than men. I avoid interact with spate with diametric culture, I rarely talked about my family, and I often pushed me to self-disclosing too much and this shapeed people off. A consider of problems involves in my skill, I need to learn more about confrontation, learn how much I should disclose and to whom the disclosures are made. These were not included in my initial plan, and I will add them in my follow up plan.Conclusion and reflection1. Self-disclosure is a process of providing information to another individual. The information that is break includes ones thoughts, feelings, past experiences, and future plans.2. For me, self-disclosure was the hardest piece of the puzzle, I did not tell people who I really was because I was afraid that they would not like the real me. Plus I had the need to protect myself.3. I find an ideal self-dis closure (my goal) involves openness, a desire o get closer to another, and an implied trust in the person were reveal ourselves to. It also can increase self-acceptance.4. The amount of information we disclose in our interpersonal relationships also influences our relationships. The Johari window is a model that helps us assess the type of information we disclose whom we make disclosures to and the communication milieu we find ourselves in. By using this model, I found I was a person I r who had a lot of hidden area and a little open area.5. My relationship with my friend whitethorn was an example of using the social penetration theory. I thought I understood this theory and did chill out well with disclosing to May. Although the disclosing slowed down in the last week, it was due to the different background. From that, I knew disclosure happened frequently with people had common ground.6. Although I overcome the mental barrier to communicate with the stranger, I still done badl y. I fell in an extreme-overdisclosing and made him escape from me. I realized that self-disclosure couldnt be used as a mere device to force the other people into a relationship. It was a kind of communication which worked best a little at a time. I should sensitive to the other persons needs and feeling, to be empathic.7. I failed to use self-disclosure with my boyfriend in the first two weeks, but with the help of the guidelines, I did better in the last week. During the first week, I made a same mistake (overdisclosing) again. I blurted out everything to him. afterwards he reflected his uncomfortable, I forced myself to listen more, but still fell into another extreme- underdisclosing. In revision to solve the problem, I found some guidelines and kept in mind in the following week and got a lot of benefit.8. I done really well in disclosing to Jane, but a new problem arose. I didnt know how to deal with confrontation when she said she didnt like my past behavior. This hindered my disclosing and I couldnt open myself any more. The lack of prepare for confrontation leaded to my failure.9. I thought the approach I adopt was quiet successful, such as prepare for disclosing and handle the anxiety, using a method to gradually work up to being more open.10. I benefited a lot by keeping a diary about my training. From that, I discovered what feelings and needs I didnt disclose which friendships grew the most. I also knew certain of my disclosures turn people off and what I was uncomfortable discussing certain things and who I avoid interacting with.11. Prepared other for my change by telling them I would use a new communication skill gave me a lot of benefits. They would give me feedback and if I done badly, they wont easily get annoy.12. There were many shortcomings in my approach. such as ignore when and how much personal information to disclose, havent prepared for confrontation. Those problems made my disclosing failed.13. I thought my phone line goal was appropriate-became openness, got closer to another, and had an implied trust in the person were revealing ourselves to.My goal also included change magnitude my self-acceptance. After 3 weeks training, I found I was more open than before, I wouldnt always deal myself and I would like to share myself with the right person. I got closer to May, my boyfriend by disclosing. During the process of disclosing, a trust had built. I showed some trust in another by making a disclosure that had a little risky, when the other accepted and was supportive about my disclosure, trust was likely to be enhanced. callable to the acceptance by others, my self-acceptance enhanced.

Discuss research into different type of attachment Essay Example for Free

Discuss investigate into divergent sign of affixation Essaybloody shame Ainsworth conducted two naturalistic observations, angiotensin-converting enzyme in the awkward community of Kampala in Uganda which lowested for two years and the other in the urban city of Baltito a greater extent which had lasted for one year. The aim of this observation was to look at a mother and infant interaction. In both flying field she engaged the same number of participants, which were 26 mothers and their infants. Using the nameless situation she found three different fictional characters of attachments that were displayed by the children and the fourth found by Main and Solomon. The get-go study in Uganda she found that nigh mothers were more sensitive to their infants needs convey that, they were more capable of providing more details about their infants. The infants of these mothers were firmly attached, this means that in their mothers presence they cried little and were more ea ger to explore. This fixate attachment conduct to the infants being more independence beca single-valued function they used their mothers as a secure base that they could run to in time of danger.The arcminute observation took place in Baltimore, America. In this study she and her team did non use a behaviour checklist which means that there was not certain thing that she was looking for, for example she did not have a paper where she wrote all the behaviour that she was looking for such as anger or sorrow and ticked them send off when she witnessed it, she was purely just writing what she had chequern. In this observation she found that mother were more sensitive to their infants for the first three months of their lives, meaning that in the one year that she had studied them, only for the first three months the mother, who was classified as a secure base responded more to the infants needs during that time period. cultivation theorist found this confusing, this is because from their understanding, responsiveness to behavioural mixer releasers, such as crying should act as a reinforcer and increase the crying, but this was different Anisworth predication which was that behavioural social releasers decrease the health c be provider responsiveness.One limitation of these studies is that because it was a longitudinal study, which means that it went over for a long period of time, it whitethorn have causedparticipant attrition, where participants drop out of the study and this may cause problems for her, such as she may not have yet found what she needed. but one strength of the study being longitudinal is that the mother may become more comfortable with the fact of someone observing them so this could light-emitting diode to them being more free and able to express themselves better, and this would be an advantage for Mary as she pass on witness the mothers true personality and behaviour. One limitation of the Baltimore study alone was that her stu dy was not operationalised meaning that she did not define what she was observing and this could lead to her finding irrelevant information.In the Baltimore study we saw that Mary Anisworth conducting her interrogation using the Strange Situation. This method was used to test the nature of attachment systematically. the aim of this was to see how infants behaved under condition of mild stress and novelty, this stress was created by a presence of a odd and by separation from health care provider this is tests stranger anxiety and separation anxiety. The strange situation also tries to bring forward exploration by placing infant in a novel situation which tests the secure base concept.This research takes place in a novel environment, this is a 99 foot square marked off into 16 squares, and this was to help mark the movements of the infants. This method consists of eight episodes, each used to emphasise certain behaviours the behaviour that was assessed was stranger anxiety, this i s the distress shown by an infant when approached or picked up by someone who is unknown to them. The second behaviour assessed is separation anxiety, this is the distress revealed by infants when separated from its primary attachment figure. And the last behaviour assessed was reunification behaviour this is the behaviour shown by infants when reunited with their mother. The results in a strange situation are collected by a group of observers who record what the infants are doing every 15 seconds.Aniworth et al (1978) found that there are three types of attachment that infants had with their caregiver. One of the attachment found was the secure attachment, this is when an infant has a strong and joint interaction with their caregiver. These types of infants properly will not cry if their caregiver leaves the room, but when feeling scared they use their caregiveras safety net that they run to research close bodily contact and although they may not want to leave their caregivers si de prematurely, they are easily soothed. They seek and are comfortable with social interaction and intimacy.The securely attached infants are more independent this is because they use their caregiver a secure base and because they know that they have this secure base they tend to explore their environment more. Another type of attachment is Insecure- overturnant, this attachment is formed of children that dont like to socially interact with others and tend to avoid intimacy. In the strange situation, when separated from their caregiver these children show little response and do not seek proximity of their caregiver on reunion. If the infant is picked up they may show little or no tendency to cling or resist being put down. These children do not need their caregiver to be there for them to explore, they are quite a happy to do it without them. They may also become quite angry because their attachment needs are not met.Furthermore another type of attachment is insecure-resistant, the se are children who both seek and reject intimacy and social interaction. When separated with their caregiver they show intense distress, on reunion they may resist being picked up while also trying to maintain proximity. The last type of attachment was found by Main and Solomon (1986) when they done a re-analysis of over 200 strange situation. The fourth attachment that they found was Disorganised this type is characterised by a lack of a tenacious patterns of social behaviour. These children can show strong attachment, which is suddenly followed by avoidance or looking shocking towards their caregiver or displaying odd movements such as stumbling.In conclusion, there are four types of attachment that children display these are secure attachment, insecure- resistant, insecure avoidance and disorganised and a way to identify what type of attachment a child has is to use the strange situation method, that was first conducting by Mary Anisworth.

Is Doubt the Key to Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Is Doubt the Key to Knowledge EssayAs a pupil currently taking the International Baccalaureate, I constantly question the differences between the several atomic number 18as of acquaintance which I study. In a period where technology shows constant developments which trigger new discoveries and establish new facts, a critical outlook is essential in order to assess the validity and limitations of knowledge claims that arise inwardly these handles. The twenty-first century has been c all tolded the grow of information, where individuals have the ability to communicate freely and where knowledge becomes increasingly accessible. This seems to lay down an environment where knowledge prospers freely, and where doubt is gradually becoming extinct. However, many still argue that this new age of information bombardment creates a false sensation of certainty, and a series of unsupported convictions. Al to the highest degree all champaigns of knowledge have a particular way of achie ving values of the true, when that is possible whatsoever. This is directly linked to the ship canal of knowing in Theory of Knowledge, ( perception, perception, language and reason) as well as through with(predicate) the methods each field uses in its attempts to explain something, or to reach truth.Furthermore, it is important to recognize the several paradigm shifts, as in the term first coined by Thomas Kuhn1, that change the perception and methods through which we acquire and interpret knowledge, as well as our definition of truth. Scientific certainty derives from countless experimentations and observations, and many debate whether scientific truth can ever be reached. History, on the new(prenominal) hand, is rigorously based on personal attend and interpretation of individual accounts, which allows for partiality and bias.This essay aims to evaluate and distinguish these two areas of knowledge, as well as determine the possible legitimacy and certainty that can be obtaine d from the knowledge claims produced in each field. diachronic analysis is one the most controversial areas of knowledge, possibly due its extremely ambiguous and uncertain nature. Historians whitethorn disagree over the causes and consequences of nearly any historical take downt. It is important to remember that chronicle is based on paradigms.As a result, it s almost impossible to find a particular period in history which has not been marked by disputes between historians, attempting to determine what actually happened. Thomas Carlyle, a nineteenth century historian and teacher at the University of Edinburgh, once stated that The history of the world is alone the history of great men, an allusion to The Great Man Theory, one of the many paradigms that have bent the shape of historical analysis. If we take the Second World war as an example, it seems as if the historical context of the war is seen through the actions of men such as Adolph Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Benito Musso lini and Winston Churchill.An other(a) paradigm that can be observed in historical thought is the Rise and Fall concept, which tends to evaluate the history of empires and historical powers in terms of two phases the emanation and decline. Examples of this paradigm can be found in many titles of history books The Rise and Fall of the set apart Roman Empire2, The Growth and Decline of the French Monarchy3, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich4, amongst others. Furthermore, as we analyze the history of the Second World War, we also find correlations with another historical paradigm, best exemplified by the famous adage History is written by the victor.The argument proposed is quite clear those who triumph at War and reach power will inevitably influence and determine the course of history. In order to breach illustrate this claim, two extracts follow, concerning the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 the first, a broadcast by Winston Churchill to the British people, and finally a speech given by Adolph Hitler in Berlin, proclaiming the invasion of the USSR At 4 oclock this morning Hitler attacked and invaded Russia. () A non-aggression treaty had been solemnly signed and was in force between the two countries. ) Then, suddenly, without resolution of war, German bombs rained down from the sky upon the Russian cities. () Hitler is a monster of wickedness5 Winston Churchill, London, June 22 1941 National Socialists ()The German people have neer had hostile feelings toward the peoples of Russia ( ) Germany has never attempted to spread its National Socialist worldview to Russia.Rather, the Jewish-Bolshevist rulers in Moscow have constantly attempted to subject us and the other European peoples to their rule. () which were particularly frightening for Germans living in the affected nations. ) The purpose of this front is no longer the protection of the individual nations, but rather the safety of Europe, and therefore the salvation of eachone. May God help us in this battle. Adolph Hitler, Berlin, June 25 19416 Analyzing both speeches, the difficulties of validating a historical account become quite evident, since there are ever so several perspectives concerning a specific historical event. As it relates to the ways of knowing, history is extremely dependent on perception and language, making it particularly hard for historians in hindsight to corroborate one account over the other and recognise its legitimacy.However, offering a personal perspective, I would most likely tend to support Churchills account of the 1941 Nazi occupation of the USSR. Yet, after exposing the uncertainties and ambiguity of historical knowledge, I begin to question whether or not my perception would differ, had Hitler and the Axis forces won the war. Unfortunately, it seems that would most likely be the case. Science is widely regarded as one of the most reliable fields of inquiry. When copeing its potential for accurate and impartial conclusions , my initial response was to consider the scientific method the ideal, archetypal model of discovery.History seems simply too inseparable from human emotion and interpretation to produce a constantly indisputable account of facts, while science appears to be the most reliable and precise area of knowledge, solely based on rationality, empirical evidence and observable patterns. The scientific method, starting with a predicted hypothesis, followed by an experiment, collection and interpretation of data, which ultimately leads to a conclusion which could be repeat by any other scientist, gives the impression of being the perfect truth formula.On the other hand, when looking at the progress of science over time, it is important to veritableize that, together with the other areas of knowledge, real certainty can never be achieved in science. Even when scientific models survive repeated test which fail to disprove them, they cannot be universally accepted as truths, but only provision al truths that are simply given functional certainty. The Caloric Theory7, introduced by Lavoisier, was once a commonly accepted guess that was discredited in the 19th century by the mechanical theory of heat introduced by Carnot8, which by and by on evolved into the science of thermodynamics.This supports the claim that scientific truths only exist on their specific scope of pertinency9 Science progresses through trial and error, mostly error. Every new theory or law mustiness be skeptically and rigorously tested before acceptance. Most fail, and are swept under the rug, even before publication. Others, like the luminiferous ether10, flourish for a while, then their inadequacies accumulate till they are intolerable, and they are quietly abandoned when something better comes along. Such mistakes will be found out. Theres always someone who will witch in exposing them.Science progresses by making mistakes, correcting the mistakes, then moving on to other matters. If we stopped making mistakes, scientific progress would stop. 11In conclusion, it seems that uncertainty will always be an indissoluble part of every area of knowledge. We can also conclude that historical and scientific knowledge have an incredibly variant way of explaining and interpreting things, mostly due to the ways of knowing, or according to which filter each area of knowledge attempts to express their ideas, and draw conclusions.While many may argue that the main purpose of these areas of knowledge is to explain and generate answers, some would say that their aim is inquiry, and their purpose is to generate questions. If we analyze these fields in hindsight, it is hard to dispute the claim that what we now consider hard facts are simply theories waiting to be discredited by the progress of our existence. Although at first I found myself to be disappointed with my findings, I stand corrected.The pursuit of knowledge, the quest for truth, is a never ending cycle of discoveries, and most importantly rediscoveries. at a time we are certain of anything, we kill this cycle, we close the book, and the entire process loses significance and context. In the human compel for knowledge and higher awareness, as in the questions that generate the angst and sorrow of human consciousness, there can never be an unquestionable truth, an indisputable answer, for certainty is an illusion.